The Huguenots transformed themselves into a definitive political movement thereafter. QC, in 1761. [22] A few families went to Orthodox Russia and Catholic Quebec. [42][43], The French Wars of Religion began with the Massacre of Vassy on 1 March 1562, when dozens[8] (some sources say hundreds[44]) of Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded. [16] Hans J. Hillerbrand, an expert on the subject, in his Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set claims the Huguenot community reached as much as 10% of the French population on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, declining to 7 to 8% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685. "Huguenot Trails" publications are available in the periodicals section of the Quebec Family History Society in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696,[113] and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the city. [103][104] The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover,[101] and there is no contemporary documentation to support there being Huguenot lacemakers in Bedfordshire. Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jess de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (r.16491688), granted them special privileges (Edict of Potsdam of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde and the French Cathedral, Berlin). A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. Some 40,000-50,000 settled in England, mostly in towns near the sea in the southern districts, with the largest concentration in London where they constituted about 5% of the total population in 1700. [9] Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560) in his De l'Estat de France offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by The Cape Monthly: Reguier de la Plancha accounts for it [the name] as follows: "The name huguenand was given to those of the religion during the affair of Amboyse, and they were to retain it ever since. Use the search box to find a specific Family Name, Year, Location or Occupation. The Huguenots of the state opposed the monopoly of power the Guise family had and wanted to attack the authority of the crown. Lachenicht, Susanne. Most South African Huguenots settled in the, The majority of Australians with French ancestry are descended from Huguenots. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Bernard James Whalen was born on 25 April 1931, in Shullsburg, Lafayette, Wisconsin, United States. Most of the refugees from the German . Wittrock (= a German surname) Grz. They organised their first national synod in 1558 in Paris.[40]. But in the reign of William and Mary, the largest number of foreign refugees were Naturalized in these countries, from 1689 to the 3rd July, 1701. French became the language of the educated elite and of the court at Potsdam on the outskirts of Berlin. The Huguenot population of France dropped to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. Henry of Navarre and the House of Bourbon allied themselves to the Huguenots, adding wealth and territorial holdings to the Protestant strength, which at its height grew to sixty fortified cities, and posed a serious and continuous threat to the Catholic crown and Paris over the next three decades. Huguenot Genealogy; Places & Traces Menu Toggle. The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the Altpreuische Infantry Regiments No. In 1685, he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the Edict of Nantes and declaring Protestantism illegal. Below is a partial list of Huguenot Ancestors who relate to current Members of the Society. Joan Crawford (1905-1977), American actress, descended from the Huguenots, Dr Pierre Chastain and Chretien DuBois, on her father's side. The museum is situated on the second floor of the tourist information centre, and entry cost us 4.50 each fora ticket that is valid for a year. Many families, today, mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. The most detailed account that Historic Huguenot Street has of an enslaved person's life in the area comes from the early 19th century, from the famed abolitionist Sojourner Truth, who was born into slavery in Ulster County. Effects. The Count supported mercantilism and welcomed technically skilled immigrants into his lands, regardless of their religion. Kathy is a member of the Huguenot Society. A rural Huguenot community in the Cevennes that rebelled in 1702 is still being called Camisards, especially in historical contexts. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 12 . Huguenot refugees also settled in the Delaware River Valley of Eastern Pennsylvania and Hunterdon County, New Jersey in 1725. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). Soon, they became enraged with the Dutch trading tactics, and drove out the settlers. "A Letter from Carolina, 1688: French Huguenots in the New World." The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. After John Calvin introduced the Reformation in France, the number of French Protestants steadily swelled to ten percent of the population, or roughly 1.8million people, in the decade between 1560 and 1570. Research genealogy for Thomas Russell of Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, as well as other members of the Russell family, on Ancestry. Michael Thomas (Thomas-10705): Johann LeBachelle (Lebachelle-13) - according to family lore, emigrated from France to Kaiserslautern, Germany c1685. Winston Churchill was the most prominent Briton of Huguenot descent, deriving from the Huguenots who went to the colonies; his American grandfather was Leonard Jerome. This surname is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified Huguenot ancestors and also in the similar register of the Huguenot Society of America. By the start of the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years' War, a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 17591760.[119]. During the eighteen months of the reign of Francis II, Mary encouraged a policy of rounding up French Huguenots on charges of heresy and putting them in front of Catholic judges, and employing torture and burning as punishments for dissenters. William and Mary Quarterly. Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. In 1646, the land was granted to Jacob Jacobson Roy, a gunner at the fort in New Amsterdam (now Manhattan), and named "Konstapel's Hoeck" (Gunner's Point in Dutch). It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709. Whilst searching for a rellie who may have gone by a surname that is the anglicised version of a French word (Francois becomming Francewar), I found a few more French names in St Peter's records. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). [95][96] Many became private tutors, schoolmasters, travelling tutors and owners of riding schools, where they were hired by the upper class.[97]. [86] There was a small naval Anglo-French War (16271629), in which the English supported the French Huguenots against King Louis XIII. Other editions - View all. Amongst them were 200 pastors. [4], A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. Edward VI granted them the whole of the western crypt of Canterbury Cathedral for worship. Eric J. Roth, "From Protestant International to Hudson Valley Provincial: A Case Study of Language Use and Ethnicity in New Paltz, New York, 16781834". O. I. Calvinists lived primarily in the Midi; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired Alsace, where the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia effectively protected them. English: topographic name for someone who lived by a grove or thicket from Middle English grove Old English grf or a habitational name from any of various places so named. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rly, was printed in Paris in 1487. He called this tip of the peninsula which jutted out into Newark Bay, "Bird's Point". [54][55] Beyond Paris, the killings continued until 3 October. In 1840 there were 10 Hubert families living in Louisiana. Scoville, Warren C. "The Huguenots and the diffusion of technology. The official policy of the Dutch East India governors was to integrate the Huguenot and the Dutch communities. The Conds established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. John Calvin was a Frenchman and himself largely responsible for the introduction and spread of the Reformed tradition in France. In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. Peter married into a family of physicians and had a son Peter jnr. [36], Early in his reign, Francis I (r.15151547) persecuted the old, pre-Protestant movement of Waldensians in southeastern France. The practice has continued to the present day. They were determined to end religious oppression. Huguenots fled first to neighboring countries, the Netherlands, the Swiss cantons, England, and some German states, and a few thousand of them farther away to Russia, Scandinavia, British North America, and the Dutch Cape colony in southern Africa.About 2,000 Huguenots settled in New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island in the . Several congregations were founded throughout Germany and Scandinavia, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden. [123] The last prime minister of East Germany, Lothar de Maizire,[124] is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the former German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizire. Does anybody know if there was a sizeable population of French Huguenots in Leeds in the 17th and 18th Centuries? [16], Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. . Many researchers are challenged by the following list of obstacles, including: Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. In 1564, Ribault's former lieutenant Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire launched a second voyage to build a colony; he established Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. Isaac and Esther's first three children were born in Mannheim between the years 1668 and 1673. The community they created there is still known as Fleur de Lys (the symbol of France), an unusual French village name in the heart of the valleys of Wales. ), was in common use by the mid-16th century. Baird, Charles W. "History of the Huguenot Emigration to America." Ultimately, whatever the roots, the meaning of the term . The exodus brought new crafts and practices to the host nations and represented a substantial loss to the former nation states. She has taught genealogy and has written books and articles on the subject, including Tracing Your Huguenot Ancestors and Tracing Your Family Tree in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Prior to its establishment, Huguenots used the Cabbage Garden near the cathedral. While a small amount of Huguenots did come, the majority switched from speaking French to English. They hid them in secret places or helped them get out of Vichy France. The early immigrants settled in Franschhoek ("French Corner") . Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes. The Huguenot Museum in Bad Karlshafen, Germany has some fascinating exhibits. [citation needed], In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. Reply. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek. [56], Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 villes de sret ('cities of protection' or 'protected cities') that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. However, these measures disguised the growing tensions between Protestants and Catholics. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. Individual Huguenots settled at the Cape of Good Hope from as early as 1671; the first documented was the wagonmaker Franois Vilion (Viljoen). [citation needed], Following the accidental death of Henry II in 1559, his son succeeded as King Francis II along with his wife, the Queen Consort, also known as Mary, Queen of Scots. Instead of being in Purgatory after death, according to Catholic doctrine, they came back to harm the living at night. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The last Afrikaner President was named F. W. de Klerk, his surname being a form of Le Clerc. They assimilated with the predominantly Pennsylvania German settlers of the area. The Huguenots did not enslave people in France or Germany, but they soon took up the practice in their new homeland. They founded the silk industry in England. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honour, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School. . The kingdom did not fully recover for years. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. [citation needed] Mary returned to Scotland a widow, in the summer of 1561. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the Episcopal Church. In Geneva, Hugues, though Catholic, was a leader of the "Confederate Party", so called because it favoured independence from the Duke of Savoy. Hello. While the Huguenot population was at one time fairly large, these names are not now common though they are still seen in some street names and Item No : 360414493459 Condition : -- Category : Books & Magazines > Antiquarian & Collectible Seller : rockyiguana See more from this seller Items Specifications - Author : Ancestry Found - Language : English - Country/Region of Manufacture : United States These included Languedoc-Roussillon, Gascony and even a strip of land that stretched into the Dauphin. Prince Louis de Cond, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrcken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. Several French Protestant churches are descended from or tied to the Huguenots, including: Criticism and conflict with the Catholic Church, Right of return to France in the 19th and 20th centuries, The Huguenot Population of France, 1600-1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority by Philip Benedict; American Philosophical Society, 1991 - 164, The Huguenots: Or, Reformed French Church. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France,[6] who reigned long before the Reformation. [18] He wrote in French, but unlike the Protestant development in Germany, where Lutheran writings were widely distributed and could be read by the common man, it was not the case in France, where only nobles adopted the new faith and the folk remained Catholic. By then, most Protestants were Cvennes peasants. Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship. . . [87] London financed the emigration of many to England and its colonies around 1700. The Huguenot Society of America has headquarters in New York City and has a broad national membership. Raymond P. Hylton, "The Huguenot Settlement at Portarlington, C. E. J. Caldicott, Hugh Gough, Jean-Paul Pittion (1987), Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, gathered in each other's houses to study secretly, Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde, George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg, George Lunt, "Huguenot The origin and meaning of the name", "The National Huguenot Society - Who Were the Huguenots? [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. [81] In colonial New York city they switched from French to English or Dutch by 1730.[82]. They first found safety in die Pfalz, a Protestant region in present-day southwest Germany. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism in order to obtain the French crown, issued the Edict of Nantes. The first groups of German immigrants to the US began to arrive as early as the 1670s. [65] Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cvennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day. Raymond P. Hylton, "Dublin's Huguenot Community: Trials, Development, and Triumph, 16621701". Louisiana had the highest population of Hubert families in 1840. Place names and geographic features were commonly taken as surnames in Utrecht (e.g., van Doorn, van Schaik, van Vliet, and van den Brink). When in 1808 a law signed by Napoleon forced all French Jews to take hereditary surnames, local Jews retained the family names they used for many centuries such as Crmieu (x), Milhaud, Monteux . The WikiTree Huguenot Migration Project defines "Huguenot" to include any French-speaking Protestants (whatever branch or denomination) that left (emigrated from) their homeland (France or borderlands such as Provence, Navarre or the Spanish-Netherlands - today's Belgium) due to religious persecution or intolerance. The surname Martin of French origin (see 1 above) is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified . "Identity Lost: Huguenot Refugees in the Dutch Republic and its Former Colonies in North America and South Africa, 1650 To 1750: A Comparison". They purchased from John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of Jacob Leisler. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouch, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naud, Nortj (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). The most Hubert families were found in USA in 1880. ", Mark Greengrass, "Protestant exiles and their assimilation in early modern England. ", Lien Bich Luu, "French-speaking refugees and the foundation of the London silk industry in the 16th century. Gt. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s. One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was Sen Lemass (18991971), who was appointed as Taoiseach, serving from 1959 until 1966. Huguenot descendants sometimes display this symbol as a sign of reconnaissance (recognition) between them. ser., 64 (April 2007): 377394. History: As a name of Swiss German origin (see 1 above) the surname Martin is very common among the American Mennonites. The roads to Geneva and the Valais region led to Lausanne, which was densely . This was about 21% of all the recorded Hubert's in USA. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast. The crown, occupied by the House of Valois, generally supported the Catholic side, but on occasion switched over to the Protestant cause when politically expedient. It moved to Rochester in 1959, and now provides sheltered homes for fifty-five residents. Other founding families created enterprises based on textiles and such traditional Huguenot occupations in France. He died on 6 May 2001, in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, at the age of 70, and was buried in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. [99] Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. Concord, Erie Co, New York; Popular names: Briggs, Field, Bloodgood, Vaughan, Spaulding, Seymour Nearby villages are Hengoed, and Ystrad Mynach. Gallicised into Huguenot, often used deprecatingly, the word became, during two and a half centuries of terror and triumph, a badge of enduring honour and courage. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. John Gano. The Huguenots were French Protestants who were members of the Calvinist Reformed Church that was established in 1550. 1609 Group of Flemish Huguenots settled in Canongate, Scotland. Their fourth child, Isaac Jr., was born in 1681, after the family moved to New . Since then, it sharply decreased as the Huguenots were no longer tolerated by both the French royalty and the Catholic masses. Many modern Afrikaners have French surnames, which are given Afrikaans pronunciation and orthography. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. However, enforcement of the Edict grew increasingly irregular over time, making life so intolerable that many fled the country. A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the United States, the name France is the 2,209 th most popular surname with an estimated 14,922 people with that name. By 1600, it had declined to 78%,[citation needed] and was reduced further late in the century after the return of persecution under Louis XIV, who instituted the dragonnades to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685. See my info below about how to contact Alsace-Lorraine, the two provinces where many Huguenots once lived. In Bad Karlshafen, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. [115] Although they did not settle in Scotland in such significant numbers as in other regions of Britain and Ireland, Huguenots have been romanticised, and are generally considered to have contributed greatly to Scottish culture. German: northern variant of Grob.North German: habitational name from any of several places called Grove or Groven in . I'll say a word about it to settle the doubts of those who have strayed in seeking its origin. ", Kurt Gingrich, "'That Will Make Carolina Powerful and Flourishing': Scots and Huguenots in Carolina in the 1680s. [27] The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in Cabrires, perhaps attacking an abbey. One of the most active Huguenot groups is in Charleston, South Carolina. In the early 1700s, the Palatines , refugees from modern-day Germany, also came here. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. The Hubert family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. Apart from the French village name and that of the local rugby team, Fleur De Lys RFC, little remains of the French heritage. If you contact us without visiting the Museum the charge is 35 for up to two hours research, though we will discuss the likelihood of Huguenot ancestry with you, before taking your payment. The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed Church (now of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands). Konstanze Dahn (real name Constanze Le Gaye) (1814-1894), German actress. As a major Protestant nation, England patronised and helped protect Huguenots, starting with Queen Elizabeth I in 1562,[85] with the first Huguenots settling in Colchester in 1565. The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (15681609).

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