these ions are carried away in runoffs to streams to Rivers and then the ocean. a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other. Wave generated as a result of a seismic event. der Potsdamer Platz. Welcome to Dynamic Planet! Another is the expendable BathyThermograph (XBT), a temperature probe released on a weighted copper wire that unreels to record temperature and depth while the ship is underway. a stream system that resembles the pattern of a branching tree, a pattern in which the tributaries join the main stream at right angles. (see image), Layers below the zone of aeration; the soil or rock located below the top of the groundwater table. what is produced when a crustal plate moves over a stationary hot spot? small free-floating animals that form part of plankton that feed on marine algae. Dynamic Planet Electric Vehicle ** Experimental Design* Fast Facts * Flight Forestry Green Generation Meteorology * Mission Possible ** Road Scholar* Rocks & Minerals Roller Coaster Solar Power ** Solar System Sounds of Music* Storm the Castle Sunny Day Flooding ** Wheeled Vehicle Write It, Do It WQB@G0IST>9U'FfW#*QQHy Bj3/3QUQ4 z*=k6P;Vy$nJn j?oWT] +R+|6~UqyT< Oceanography Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Oceanography 2021 STUDY Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test PLAY Match Gravity Surface Currents Click card to see definition These transfer heat from tropical to polar regions, distribute nutrients, scatter organisms and influence weather and climate. Ocean circulation changes impact the food chain, including animals that live in polar regions or visit polar regions if they migrate. =deforestation what is an isolated submarine volcanic mountain with a flat summit called? xc```b``fg`2 ff`2Y$bW77ac`v V1tEY8X?`vbwbAtMq@- Hs 1HAqJX0t00 K4 The movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean that is caused by wind. *ZTQ!%*e,w8z2yACs[N#t}NZt>?.9,$#_5c On average, sea ice covers almost about 10,000,000 mi. of the earth. Why do currents in the eastern Atlantic Ocean flow towards the south? New methods for this kind of sampling are being developed in order to reduce station time. Blended Finance: Movement of saltwater into freshwater aquifers in coastal and inland areas as groundwater is discharged/withdrawn faster than it is recharged by processes like precipitation. a type of alluvial fan with a steep slope, closer to the shape of a half-cone than a flat fan. Particles in the water samples may be quantified with a transmissometer sent down the wire or attached to a CTD/rosette. The Science Olympiad consists of interscholastic competitions for students in grades 6th-12th. A sudden, violent flood that occurs within a few hours, or even minutes, of a storm. These boundary currents are narrow and deep and have sharp boundaries. C. Cycle B crosses the finish line. As the ice melts, it exposes ocean water to sunlight, spurring photosynthesis in phytoplankton. Freshwater in the form of vapor moves from the ocean to the atmosphere through evaporation causing the higher salinity. 136 0 obj is prohibited and is a violation of the Science Olympiad General Rules and Code of Ethics. Determine the number of protons and neutrons in Mg-26. the only light at this depth, and lower, comes from the bioluminescence of the animals themselves. In general this means that the boundary between the subtropical and subpolar gyres lies along the maximum of the westerly wind jet. A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range or some other area. You can expect the highest spring tide when sun, moon, and Earth is in____? The addition of wave energy as waves meet producing larger waves. Currents meters, which may employ rotors, electric fields, acoustic/electromagnetic techniques, or acoustic Doppler profiling to track water motion, are often deployed on moorings. There are five of these boundary currents. In the North Atlantic, this runs somewhat southwest to northeast, while in the North Pacific it runs much more east-west. Drogued surface drifters used for current studies also report position and data periodically via satellite transmission. The sensor package includes the capability to telemeter some data on a regular basis via satellite to a central data facility. a technique used to measure the discharge, or the volume of water moving through a channel per unit time, of a stream. Flow generally occurs only during the wet season (50 percent of the time or less). Small sediment and pebbles=more capillarity. A circular pattern of currents in an ocean basin c. A place where the river meets the ocean What elements make up the structure of the ocean? Gyres in balance between gravity and the Coriolis Effect. - the USGS collects samples from streams across the Nation and analyzes for chemical, physical, and biological properties of water, sediment, and tissue. The Dynamic Planet Quiz Book offers two, one for each Division, short 29 question tests built from questions asked at previous National Tournaments. "h5'*i# N~E}hP 7KEQ ?UEGg*+&76~UR~59T\ << /Contents 139 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 150 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /G3 146 0 R >> /Font << /F4 147 0 R /F5 148 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /XObject << /X6 138 0 R >> >> /StructParents 0 /Type /Page >> the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents. Flotation holds the instruments and their tether line upright in the water column and brings them to the surface on release. From https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/SeaIce: Sea ice also plays a fundamental role in polar ecosystems. what is the density of seawater at 4 degrees Celsius? the ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the___? +is a key process within the water cycle What is a beach? what is the deepest part of the ocean called? new water that enters the aquifer from the surface. It depends on wind patterns in the atmosphere. Often, aquifers are naturally ******** by rainfall or other surface water that infiltrates into the ground. physically deposited particles derived from weathered rocks, streams move sediments acquired from mass wasting, overland flow, and groundwater. The layers range from several millimetres to many metres in thickness and vary greatly in shape. These springs slowly let water out through loose soil or rock and are often found in land depressions or low in valleys. what tide is when there is a high water-low water sequence that is repeated twice in one day? More recently, the sound sources have been moored while the floats act as receivers, surfacing at the end of an approximately two-year lifetime to report their data via satellite to a shore station. In general this means that the boundary between the subtropical and subpolar gyres lies along the maximum of the westerly wind jet. Surface oceans circulation is driven primarily by what? Assuming that each motorcycle continues to travel toward the finish line at the given constant velocity above, which event will occur first? +occur when shallow groundwater oozes or "seeps" from the ground over a large area and has no defined discharge point. Are whales and other animals affected by changes in ocean circulation due to sea ice melting? smaller streams and rivers that flow into a main river, river basins drained by a river and flowing into the same large body of water, a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, the point where a river enters a lake or sea, channels in which the streams are actively cutting into solid rock, a river flows down a steep slope into a flat valley, a stream consisting of numerous intertwining channels, A river or small stream that curves back and forth across its valley, Rare; short; deepest part typically wanders back and forth. Also known as wave steepness. Which direction do gyres flow in the Southern hemisphere? S;xMx /S Rocky reef, barrier, Fluvial delta, channel, intertidal flats, saltmarsh seaflats, floods and ebb tidal delta, and inner continental shelf. +A spring where groundwater seeps out at the surface. From these measurements, accurate estimates of air-sea fluxes can be made. Cruises designed to study biological productivity may be guided by information from ocean color scanners that detect reflected light and interpret it in terms of chlorophyll content, which denotes phytoplankton production. surface salinity of seawater is ______ (above or below) average where precipitation is high and many rivers flow into the ocean, surface salinity of seawater is going to be ______(above or below) average in desert areas where evaporation rates are high, In polar areas during the winter, the salinity of water under the sea ice_________, as pure water cools from 20 degrees C to 4 degrees C, its densitiy, A zone with a rapid change in temperature with depth, true or false: water temperature from 300 meters deep to the ocean bottom is relatively uniform, When you pour cold water down the side of a glass of warm water, the cold water will, When you add salt to water, its boiling point_____ and its freezing point_____, when surface currents converge, the area where the water sinks is called a_____, type of current where waves strike the shore at a slight angle (runs roughly parallel to the shoreline), the swimmer would be carried out to sea, away from the shore. Salt in the ocean comes from rocks on land. It checks its sensors as it descends and reports their status to the ship. when the level of water within the rock or soil underground rises; water table rises to reach ground level and water starts to seep through to the surface and flooding can happen. Countercurrents beneath surface currents. Notes: Is made of brass and will bend if used to sample a rocky bottom, Samples: Rocky bottoms They show the shape of the land the mountains, valleys, and plains by means of brown contour lines, The concept that describes the hierarchy of stream types (see image). deltas that are formed as rivers deposit large, coarse sediments; these deltas are usually confined to rivers emptying into freshwater lakes. Exchanges across the air-sea interface, including heat and fresh water, couple the ocean and atmosphere and are of major interest in studies of global climate. Fe2+^{2+}2+ ion). Subjects . nick point basically this just refers to a steep and rapid change in gradient; this is usually marked by a waterfall. der Reichstag. A drainage pattern in which streams follow a roughly circular or concentric path along a belt of weak rock, resembling in plan a ringlike pattern. -#4yl&r35_TPyl%|zzOoT-OA$j&zr{Q{B 0b:cH7?a z@j0n*'HoOQT(P7#U`fW5[2 oGTgopb h%>[ 0 zFT'x*w@JBd)[y{~M +change in x over change in y but in topo map terms, The lowest level to which a stream can erode or running water can flow (the part of the slide where a kid starts to slow down - the flattened bottom), the flat, wide area of land along a river; an area that is subject to natural flooding from an adjoining waterway, cut bank, point bar, oxbow lake, natural levee, & backswamp (see images). The rain that falls on the land contains some dissolved carbon dioxide from the surrounding air, this causes the rainwater to be slightly acidic due to carbonic acid (which forms from carbon dioxide and water) as rain erodes rock, acids in rain water break down rock, this process creates ions, or electrically charged atomic particals. Here is another useful resource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/physical-ocean/currents, https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts-education-resources/ocean-currents. =the water cycle Recently developed dual-frequency sidescan sonar can even be used to distinguish rock types. Where is a semidesert most likely to be found? endstream 137 0 obj New Business Models. The restoring force is gravity and momentum. Temperature changes the greatest in this zone as this is the zone which contains the thermocline. Is a velocity measurement technique that allows for the measurement of 3D flow velocities by using the Doppler shift principle. Sophisticated data processing reveals the effects of temperature, density, and currents on its travel time. =industrial waste . a single channel that winds snakelike over the area it covers. Science Olympiad Division B - Green Generation, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Project Team Orientation: SAP SuccessFactors. Raleigh, NC 27695. The Gulf Stream is an example of this type of boundary current. the fine sediment carried within the body of flowing water, the sediment carried along the bed (bottom) of the river, total amount of sediments a river is capable of transporting, maximum particle size that a river is capable of transporting at a given point. << /Linearized 1 /L 392755 /H [ 859 222 ] /O 41 /E 78972 /N 11 /T 392264 >> Their use for relaying data from instruments at sea to ship or shore is expected to increase with time. The length of the stream/channel divided by the distance between the beginning and end point of that stream/channel A cold air mass moving forward into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a _____ front, Low pressure systems in the northern hemisphere rotate _______, redistribute heat from one area to another, When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have an _______ density. Eddies can form. Sediment sampling devices include a box corer that drops into the mud and brings back a block of near-surface sediment. +comes from PRESSURE in confined aquifers forcing the water to the surface. Ship-wire-deployed and free-drifting water sampling and incubation instruments measure plant nutrient uptake, bacterial incorporation of dissolved organics, and plankton feeding rates. The temperature is constant at just above freezing. About US; Channels; Contact; Packages; Tata sky; Main menu Campus Box 8211 Home. Wind waves are one example of these waves. of a reaction by lowering the activation energy, but it The materials other than the water that are carried by a stream, Holes dug or drilled deep into the ground to reach a reservoir of groundwater, A well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer, well that extends into the zone of saturation in an unconfined aquifer, The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration, permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground. =the Pacific Garbage Patch, =excessive agriculture Trajectories of individual floats show how the water moves horizontally, and trajectories of groups of floats show how the water is mixed by eddies. a. What does oxygen% vary with in ocean surface water? A kind of sinkhole that tends to develop gradually where the covering sediments are permeable and contain sand. Check out https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sofar.html as one place to start. Horizontal distance between two consecutive wave crests or wave troughs, Vertical distance between a wave crest and an adjacent wave trough. High water position corresponding to a tidal crest, Low water position corresponding to a tidal trough. The concentration of salt in seawater is about 35 parts per thousand. These devices can also be used on moorings and on profilers. 2023 NC State University. FRv8lcbNj#f?2_b #R#HUur$,mJ These waves move through water shallower than 1/20 their wavelength, These waves travel though water deeper than 1/20 but shallower than 1/2 their wavelength. Dynamic Planet 2019 Coaches Clinic Presentation (2020 Rules)2020 Science Olympiad: Dynamic Planet NOAA2019 Regional Test and answer sheet and figure packetDynamic Planet 2019 Coaches Clinic Presentation (2018 Rules)Dynamic Planet ResourcesGlacial Margin GeologyIce Core ObservationsProperties of IceGlacial Mass BalanceTypes of GlaciersGlacier Landforms and FeaturesGlacier LandformsGlacier Landforms pt 2Glacier HydrologyGlacier Global ImpactThe History of Ice on EarthIce Core BasicsMilankovitch Cycles and GlaciationLaurentide Ice Sheet RetreatIce Sheet ChangesStudying GlaciersCryosphere ChangesOxygen BalanceGlacial DepositsDynamic Planet Great Climateand GlacierGraphsand Maps, 2018 Dynamic Planet Regional Test2018 Dynamic Planet State TestCorrelation of Stratigraphic UnitsDynamic Planet Test from 2016NASAs Earth ObservatoryNCState GeoSciences YouTube channel. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. These tides result in little variation in the height of tides. The layering of sediment that forms in most sedimentary and igneous rocks. The information below should not be interpreted as an extension of the rules. der Tiergarten. 2 Trans Am Plaza Drive, Suite 310, Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois 60181 ( Because it has nowhere else to go, it starts flowing horizontally until it reaches an opening and water comes out as a spring. when high water rises above a river's banks and overspills them. a river or stream that flows into the lake, precipitation that falls into a lake, or groundwater recharge of a lake. ubsurface moorings are also used to suspend settling plates above the deep-sea floor to collect larval forms of benthic animals. the height of a wave depends upon___, ___, ___? 2021 BirdSO MiniSO Invitational B/C (2020-21 season) 2021 UMichigan MiniSO Invitational B/C (2020-21 season) 2021 UT Austin MiniSO Regional B/C . no clear pattern, areas covered by continental galcial ice sheet. Water gets pulled down through the ground until it reaches a layer it can't penetrate. The West Wind Drift is an example of this type of boundary current. A breaking wave in which the upper section topples forward and away from the bottom, forming an air-filled tube. As scientists try to understand movement of materials through the oceanic system, they moor sediment traps at various depths for many months to collect samples of particles sinking through the water column. 134 0 obj =sedimentation stream Notes: May need a few tugs to get a sample in water less than 20 feet deep, Samples: Bottom sediments without disturbing the layering Greek astronomer and navigator who first wrote about the connection between moon and the height of the tide. These are usually found along hillsides and cliffs. nitrogen levels are____ in the surface waters of the ocean, oxygen levels are ___ in the surface waters of the ocean, oxygen concentrations are highest when found in____ _____, the apparent force acting on a body in motion, due to the rotation of the Earth, causing deflection to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and deflection to the left in the southern Hemisphere is called______.
