The U.S. Department of Education, Higher Learning Commission and the Kansas Board of Regents define credit hour and have specific regulations that the college must follow when developing, teaching and assessing the educational aspects of the college. In other words, you are more likely to stay awake! Delinquency and Juvenile Justice is upper division (junior/senior level) class devoted to understanding juvenile delinquency (level, causes) and the juvenile justice system. COURSE OUTCOMES Students will demonstrate understanding of the legal concept of parens patriae. Course Code: CJUVDELSYS II. Course content focuses on the components of the juvenile justice system (e.g., police, adjudication, corrections). You will explore how case managers work with juveniles charged with or convicted of crimes within the court system. <> Professor Crystal Shin Class: Wednesdays 3:40-5:40 p.m. . var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-478870-1"); Desire2Learn (D2L) within the module where they are needed. hb```a1# g iYZ2C@]";&' ;n`)LN```h`hhh 2y i UX0c> ^x(!n-kj^ s.Gff` k`) P2x A34554 Joyce Kilmer AvenuePiscataway, NJ 08854, P: 848-445-7215E:major@crimjust.rutgers.edu. k}0}b6jq[ltjtgfVL;/hl\0Bb8u$1XI{nx6H oeus-LS2;aWi 9iE^ObZ]7UlifZ2S" Identify the traits of chronic juvenile offenders in our society. Course Description This course discusses the development of the American juvenile justice system and the current issues impacting this ever evolving aspect of criminality. Introduce Yourself in the Discussion Forum and Post on Chapter 1 Discussion Forum. Remember the Honor Code! Most of these should be less than one page in length. c?I/~:q wsg?LV'd8emvd@&M|-m^sC W>0 FY01/~qB]uy[R*3R.#\TU]C9vCnPWOT :u*kI;&FJ8H}%"ZmBS(;O-m}aLGY"vRK+@'RUQ)8}[V(E EU[(;@&~BO*r41,d@msL/2wt%e:+4*@3S Sm Government. CJ 2504 - Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science. Course Synopsis: Professor CARR: This course is designed to give students an overview of the topic of juvenile justice, with a specific emphasis on the United States juvenile justice system, though comparisons with other justice systems will be made from time to time. Cowley College, in recognition of state and federal laws, will accommodate a student with a documented disability. Spring 2023.docx. Below is an overview of what is expected; however please look at the assignment instructions and grading rubrics for more detail. Communicate clearly and effectively both verbally and through written documentation with diverse populations. With this . endobj The questions will be taken from the lectures, class discussions and calendar day. endstream endobj 855 0 obj <>stream Completing these learning opportunities will help the CRJ 224 Juvenile Justice. Week 3: Jan 22-27. These will enhance both Writing and Technology Across the Curriculum. Describe the changes in American family structure since the 1940s. Outcome: The student will be able to identify various leading theories on the causes of juvenile delinquency. For courses with a Pass/NP final grade, please refer to the Course Grading section of this syllabus for the assignment requirements and/or point value required to earn a Passing final grade. Please note that the departmental syllabi found on Syllabi Central are for informational purposes only. classes (or more than seven classes), you will receive an F. A comprehensive final exam will be given as scheduled. Students will be graded on their creativity, endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj <>stream 12. Understand the juvenile justice process and procedural requirement from a historical, 2. Regular attendance in online courses is expected throughout the length of the term. The student should also be prepared to present these to Assignments submitted two weeks late or after the final date of the course will not be accepted outside of special circumstances (e.g. After that ten points will be deducted per Assignments submitted more than one week and less than 2 weeks late will receive up to a 20% deduction. The student is to have a brief written synopsis of the article (less Provide smart decarceration-focused competencies and practice behaviors to develop syllabi and . hVn8>nwR@vn$@&:a@{fD\1&9sHB"x)LDhP0AkEn-Z' Course Description. Please see the course syllabus schedule. Week 2: Jan 14-20. 288 0 obj <>stream At the successful completion of this course the student will be able to: 1. Outline the historical development of juvenile justice. The Nature and Extent of Delinquency. The student will have 1 hour and 15 minutes to complete each quiz. Appreciate the findings of Social theories on gender socialization processes. "https://ssl." Apply substantive and procedural law to practical situations. The quizzes will be open-notes and open-book. Book Discuss the social learning theory as it applies to juvenile offenders. This course is a study of the juvenile justice process. stream Email: Janella.tolbert@sjsu.edu Office Hours: Monday - Thursday (1:30pm to 3:30pm - appointment only via Zoom) Schools and Delinquency. Concept Builders Crossword Discussions are collaborative learning experiences. There will also be a appropriate. . Course Outline: This course is intended to equip students with an introductory understanding of juvenile delinquency and the juvenile justice system. newspaper, magazine, professional journal, etc. Puzzle Flashcards Tutorial Quiz Final Exam. The Family and Delinquency. edition by Siegel, http://cj.wadsworth.com Fall 2019 Juvenile Justice Syllabus v. Course:Juvenile Justice (NA- Not available) Page 1 of 9. The course will examine the history of the juvenile justice . 4 0 obj Juvenile Justice (3-0) The law of juvenile delinquency and the administration of the juvenile justice system. class and make sure you were counted present. hW]O+7+~U^B EpK%Km,,.! Title Filter . Siegel, L. J. Students wishing to withdraw from courses after the official start date should familiarize themselves with the withdrawal policy. The Child Advocacy and Juvenile Justice Clinic (the "CAC") is a full academic year, seven credit program beginning in the fall semester in which students represent indigent clients in juvenile delinquency and child welfare matters before the Hennepin County Juvenile Court and custody cases before the Hennepin County Family Court. An extensive and systematic analysis of juvenile justice policies and practices will be undertaken, especially those reflecting any recent philosophical shifts. The full policy statement and procedures are published in the Policy Directory. Quiz: The Nature and Extent of Juvenile Delinquency will cover chapters 16 of the course textbook; Quiz: External Factors that Relate to Juvenile Delinquency will cover chapters 712; and Quiz: Juvenile Court and Corrections will cover chapters 1314. This grade may be used to replace your lowest major exam grade. stream The student will complete 28 total Homework Assignments throughout the course. Criminal Justice Courses & Descriptions. %PDF-1.5 % The major theories that have been proposed as explanations of delinquent behavior will be reviewed and evaluated based on the research conducted to test each theory. The Juvenile Court Process: Pretrial, Trial, and Sentencing. Childhood and Delinquency. 245 0 obj <> endobj Three credit hours. 6. JUVENILE JUSTICE LEGAL CLINIC Spring, 2023 SYLLABUS Faculty: Joanna Wells Phone: clinic office - (618) 536-4423/ personal cell - (618) 713-7827 Email: jwells@siu.edu Office hours: fluctuate each week/students will be assigned specific meet times ----- Course objectives: See Clinic Missions and Goals for Students, Mission Statement and Program This number included 25 100-level introduction to sociology courses, which are sometimes taken by non-majors to fulfill general education requirements. Justice Majors must pass with a C or higher. Identify the key determinants of family factors associated with delinquency. The student will submit a rough draft of their research paper that expands on the outline and addresses all sections thoroughly. View Juvenile Justice syllabus from CJ 203 at St. Augustine's University. The student will become aware of the reasons for juvenile delinquency and the process, control and treatment of juvenile offenders. Campus Location: Georgetown, Dover, Stanton Effective Date: 2021-51. 2023-2024 Cowley Academic Catalog (Draft Copy), Acalog Academic Catalog Management System (ACMS). DISCLAIMER: THIS INFORMATION IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Assignments that are submitted after the due date without prior approval from the instructor will receive the following deductions: Students with a disability and those with medical conditions associated with pregnancy may contact Liberty Universitys Online Office of Disability Accommodation Support (ODAS) at [emailprotected] for accommodations. So that you do not steal time from hVnFyll%J % Explain the roles of police and correctional agencies concerning delinquency (Chapters 12 and 14) 3. Review and contrast the theories of delinquent conduct. References must include at least two 8. Watch Video: 15 See course syllabus. 3. Spring 2021 -Grant - Copy(2)(1).docx, Syllabus for HADM 3720 Online Spring 2022.pdf, Multivariate distributions can describe continuous random variables only, Ans The resultant R may also be written in vector notation as Ans R H11005 R x i, 2 Read the task performance requirements and foundation skills application for, Assignment 3 In this assignment the IPT leader with limited assistance of other, 363984126 religion review and new corrections.docx, To derive the structure of the crystal from the intensities we need to convert, Isha Hussain - Copy of Chemistry research.docx, class clsMyClass IDisposable clsMyClass In case the client forgets to call, ii Using the EOQ model calculate the optimal order quantity of oysters in dozens. COURSE REQUIREMENTS and METHODS FOR discussion. No beepers, cellular telephones, Post on Chapter 2 Discussion Forum. Syllabus_Criminology_Fall_2020 updated 9/1/20 - 2 - B.S., Criminal Justice Program Learning Goals . 2. Ten articles will be submitted in a 2 0 obj 853 0 obj <>stream Therefore, the student is required to submit a thread in response to the provided prompt for each discussion. At the core of this code lie two essential concepts: a belief in the significance of all individuals, and a reliance on the existence of objective truth. These may be kept by the instructor, so the View information about undergraduate courses View information about graduate courses Criminal Justice Course Offerings 101. If you miss more than 25 percent of the total Compare the strategies of control and prevention programs for juvenile delinquency. Outcome: The student will understand the issues that affect the gender gap in crime. The student will study the general principles of juvenile delinquency, overview of the juvenile criminal justice system, theories of delinquency, and other issues dealing with juveniles in the justice system. or initiating any communication with ones professor regarding an academic subject. Apply criminological theories in explaining juvenile crime. The historical development of the concept of delinquency. 1 0 obj xZKoH# -`8X3{AhDjDjRI5Ec!bW&W2}/J/V}25&4i{s|LH6{zF0 JITcO=}a_l)0Kyc. At the end of this course students should be familiar with and understand the: Policies and programs for preventing and responding to juvenile delinquency. Contrast the Liberal and Radical Feminist theories on causes of female deviance. pageTracker._initData(); Explain the rationale behind the recent Juvenile Justice(Amendment) Bill 2021 and account for its key features. Such accommodations require appropriate documentation of your condition. modules will be due every two weeks on Sunday at 11:59pm. : "http://www. Continue ReadingDownload Free PDF. Criminal Justice Adjunct Professor Department of Social Sciences Email: PWerrel@cedarcrest.edu Phone: 484-619-5840 (C) 610-965-0130 (H) Absences for any reason must be kept to a minimum. This course is open to students on the college level in their freshman or sophomore year. . %PDF-1.3 Examine the environmental influences on delinquency, as well as prevention of juvenile delinquency 3. Students should be able to: Identify distinct aspects of the juvenile court system, law and procedure. Preventing such behavior and responding to its occurrence are matters of concern to society at large and to the criminal justice system in particular. Illustrate the practical impact of juvenile law on juvenile procedures. Apply biblical principles to the study of juvenile delinquency. A7q-!6U"[.fQNVkq3bAsQ 6kb33N_X3Iza%9tFSUe*lfU3FbM\&rd+)!7qE+y-,$lKT1aWZ|laEOW:Qg)cwdQ3d)8,* e]Y,wS~5{:0UEX SqIzh0)A5I"Iq1,|Kynnk%FIYttq+QRmks8>P%Czi)WsPGAf\D =T,xHR. \ ` M?}n{1zi0-]Mxl Students who wish to re-engage in the course are encouraged to contact Academic Advising to discuss their enrollment options. Juvenile Justice - CJUS 310 CG Section 8WK 11/08/2019 to 04/16/2020 Modified 12/12/2022 Apply Now Request Info Course Description This course is designed to provide an in-depth study . BEG&QcNgi-oD9R}TM6}MNb-yvl6}f>~:*ODQfb/L2|\)2[Z~(FfbgY5+##Cv,nUL#' $k2id?zkUOmOnZYLC9?7T%+\}+D+q|B^iLQcXyH1@$I1\8@#. Z ".v&F4?o (Adapted from syllabi of Drs. After the first student leaves, no one Mn35rsk#0=9xR|G+$}@j"\ 3i&B>+!J3 It will explore, causation, processing and rehabilitative programs in the juvenile justice field from both, historical and practical perspectives. Course Descriptions ; Outside Department Courses . If this occurs, you will be notified either on Canvas or in class. Let the wicked forsake his way and the evil man his Each thread must be at least 300 words and demonstrate course-related knowledge. last previous exam. . It is the student's responsibility to Core includes for each chapter: Chapter Objectives Chapter Outline Chapter Summary Glossary, Concentration In addition, students will study the history, philosophy, organization, processes and functions of . student prepare for tests, but will not be graded. And yes, this is not for a II. Distinguish the main procedural differences between adult and juvenile court. Explore juvenile behaviors, characteristics, and risk factors that lead to juvenile crime. Understand the research criticisms of Choice and Trait theories. 9. . date given at the beginning of class. The outline must contain headings that correlate to the chosen topic. I typically respond to email within 48 hours. Defend the cause of the fatherless, plead the case of the widow. Prepare and/or maintain current course . Entertainment & Pop Culture; Geography & Travel; Health & Medicine; Lifestyles & Social Issues; Literature; Philosophy & Religion; Politics, Law & Government CRJU 1100 - Introduction to Criminal Justice Course Learning Outcomes: This course should enable students to: 1. Specific instructions will be presented during class and is available in the "Start Here" folder on Course . Or by appointment Phone: 804-257-5686 Course Description: "The course is an overview of the juvenile justice system, court processing, and dispositions of cases involving delinquent youth. Identify the results of Bio-psychological gender studies on criminality. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. in the courts. There will be 3 quizzes. Course examines single purpose criminal gangs that commit crimes for profit for a short time period and organized criminal gangs that have extensive supporting networks and long histories of criminal activity such as adult street gangs . Describe the results of recent research of juvenile crime and the conclusions that have been written. 11. "grade" but for your "learning pleasure." Don't be late! %PDF-1.5 printed journals must be from those dusty library shelves, and not from your computer. . 2. Each quiz consists of 20. Introduction to Criminal Justice. 4. endstream endobj startxref Students who begin an online course, but at some point in the semester cease attending, and do not provide official notification to withdraw, will be assigned a grade of FN (Failure for Non-Attendance). Course Name CJ 325 - Juvenile Justice Department Department of Integrated Science & Technology, Criminal Justice & Criminology Program 13. Students who do not attend within the first week of a sub-term by submitting a required academic assignment (such as the Course Requirements Checklist, an examination, written paper or project, discussion post, or other academic activity) will be dropped from the course. A study of deviant behavior by legal minors in This course is designed to provide an in-depth study of the juvenile justice system in the United States. Assess the major theories that have been developed as explanations for the onset of, continuation in, and desistance from delinquency. Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice System. If you The student will submit the final draft of their research paper. Emphasis will also be placed on ethical and legal, issues that are relevant to the processing of juvenile offenders. % 12. Course Description. and group discussion. . Two tardies will equal one absence and it is your responsibility to check after will be permitted to begin the exam. Course Description: This course deals with the etiology of delinquent, deviant behavior and factors that causes juvenile delinquency; measures for deterrence and control of teenage crime; recognize the various laws and provisions that protect the . Examination of the recent political history of American juvenile justice; the policies, trends, and programs in juvenile justice during the past two decades. This course will examine the historical precedents and philosophical reasons for treating juveniles differently from adults and review empirical evidence about child development that can illuminate the reasons for their special status within the system. COURSE OBJECTIVES. Syllabus juvenile justice cj355 spring 2018 course information time: 8:30am 9:50am location: berkey hall 114 professor professor: dr. cavanagh office: 532 baker This class will be graded on a percentage basis, as shown Define and give examples of common juvenile status offenses. This course is designed to help the student increase their knowledge concerning the nature and extent of juvenile delinquency, delinquency theories, and the prevention and control programs that have been developed in recent years. 4 0 obj If all work is completed and turned in on time, there is Course Subjects. The syllabus quiz is, There are 7 graded quizzes in this course. Course Assignments, including discussions, exams, and other graded assignments, should be submitted on time. complete the study material from the online website. Course content focuses on the components of the juvenile justice system (e.g., police, adjudication, corrections). CRIM 3310. Differentiate organizational management and operational characteristics of criminal justice system agencies. reference, and the copy of the article. Awaken to and examine underlying and deeply-rooted social issues that lead to delinquent and criminal behavior. Describe the juvenile law and the role of juvenile courts. CJ 290V - Criminal Justice Special Topics. %%EOF Learn to do right! textbook. The exam will be primarily < Back to Main Website. Topics include the role of police, courts, corrections and community programs in delinquency prevention, control and treatment. Report Accessibility Barrier or Provide Feedback Form. Course Requirements: Textbook/Readings: All readings for the course are either on Blackboard or contained in the required text: Individual Views of Delinquency. Compare and contrast the adult and juvenile justice systems. exam is given, that zero will be dropped and replaced by the final exam grade. Module 4History of Juvenile Justice System and Debate about Juvenile Court 1. Advanced Juvenile Justice Policy - CJUS 702 CG Section 8WK 11/08/2019 to 04/16/2020 Modified 12/12/2022 Apply Now Request Info Course Description This course provides a comprehensive . >jyg\WX'WS8Cy OOp6/9lbY4iT0MW\^* +W As per the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) act,2015, a "Juvenile" is any child who has not attained . Outcome: The student will determine what family factors affect the juvenile delinquency rates. {K}|oG~L$(x Phone: 726-7395. In addition to the thread, the student is required to reply to 2 classmates threads. Describe current policy issues in the ongoing evolution of the juvenile justice system. Ysn}mx|G*czU;qaQ-HtlyS~t*IF|AL . will freely pardon. 380 Semester/Year of course: Fall 22 Semester start and end dates: August 22, 2022 - October 14th Modality (Face to face/Synchronous or Asynchronous online/Hybrid): Asynchronous Appreciate the association of family abuse and neglect as a causation factor. Adherence to the principles and concepts established within facilitates the success of our students and strengthens the Liberty community. this book in your library, bookstore, or from amazon.com. Criminal Justice 322: JUVENILE JUSTICE Fall 2017 Syllabus Professor: Patrick Carr Class Time: Mon-Wed 1.40-3.00 Room: LSH B115 Office: LSH A349 Office Hours: Monday 12-1.30PM, Wednesday 3-4.30 and by appointment Office Phone: (732) 445-0974 E-mail: pcarr@sociology.rutgers.edu Course Web Site: https://sakai.rutgers.edu Required Reading: . Emphasis is placed on public policy issues affecting the treatment of juvenile . Concordia University Faculty of Arts and Science Department of Sociology and Anthropology Juvenile Crime & Delinquency SOCI 263/4 Winter, 2017 Instructor: Margaret Campbell Course Location: FG B050 Course Time: Wednesday & Friday 4:15-5:30 Office Location: H-1125/8 Office Hours: Wed 2:00-3:00 or by appointment . Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs and Groups. OJ'Qxw.c2XFQ2f. v3I={\ . field trip to the Dallas County Juvenile Justice Center. Delaware Tech syllabus for CRJ 224 includes course objectives, course competencies, methods of instruction, catalog description, . After reading the chapter you should Criminal. 68 0 obj <> endobj Read Chapter 2. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Demonstrate appropriate intervention strategies for juvenile offenders. Read and We investigate several aspects of the juvenile system, including the juvenile courts, juvenile residential and non-residential interventions, and alternative means of dealing with so-called problem youth, such as restorative justice and diversion programs. 10. Any alterations will be posted on the online Faculty Directory version of the syllabus as soon as they are made and posted on Canvas . Course Number: SW 360K15/393U26 Instructor: Abena Subira Mackall, EdD . Prerequisite: (Don't assume you As noted above and per your enrollment, this course is 100% online. CJ 2513 - Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Click on the following link to view the required resource(s) for the term in which you are registered:Liberty University Online Bookstore. No make-up exams This course provides an overview of the importance of a juvenile case manager's role in the juvenile justice system. Projects will vary according to course instructor but may include any combination of quizzes, exams, research projects, short papers, and discussion groups. death in the family, significant personal health issues), which will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis by the instructor. Course announcements will be the hub of all information relating to the course . The schedule is subject to change at the discretion of the professor. Copyright 2023, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. %%EOF document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); 22 September 1988, n. 448 (Provisions on the criminal proceedings against juvenile defendants), highlighting the differences with . %PDF-1.3 81 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[68 26]/Info 67 0 R/Length 73/Prev 69443/Root 69 0 R/Size 94/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream %PDF-1.5 % In some cases individual course syllabi may differ slightly. Group projects, including group discussion threads and/or replies, and assignments will not be accepted after the due date outside of special circumstances (e.g. 0 If the student is unable to complete an assignment on time, then he or she must contact the instructor immediately by email. 01:202:322 Juvenile Justice 01:202:324 Justice Planning 01:202:327 Sex, Crime, and Justice 01:202:351 Forensic Science I 01:202:352 Forensic Science II . The student will provide an in-depth outline of their research paper. If a student has a disability which may impact work in this class which requires accommodations, contact the Disability Services Coordinator. Delinquency and Juvenile Justice is upper division (junior/senior level) class devoted to understanding juvenile delinquency (level, causes) and the juvenile justice system. COURSE REQUIREMENTS and METHODS FOR ASSESSING OUTCOMES: Textbook Assignments: Assigned chapters in the textbooks are to be read by the date indicated in the class schedule. . Students will demonstrate an understanding of the roles of different actors within the juvenile justice system. Make contact with local teens through the juvenile department. This course is a study of the juvenile justice process. If you are absent when an ;=5ch ZCcKYvv\&8kd sx) you are not required to take the final. Outcome: The student will know the key issues and terminology of juvenile delinquency. The processing of juvenile offenders through police, judicial and correctional agencies. Print Syllabus. Debate about the Juvenile Court and Special Cases Regarding Juveniles Sentenced as Adults 1. Debate about juvenile court/court cases 3. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Vg`43 CJC 220 Contemporary Trends in Probation (3-0) 3 . pageTracker._trackPageview(). Explain the association between broken homes and juvenile delinquency. This will prepare the student **In this course, weeks begin on Mondays and end on Sundays at 11:59pm. HL5I$HR+MQ:R$c)%}[LUjQ>CW=+>ffBee`Oke7~mq2vB2nj"Ym[n~1&VvZ>T'u$ }qvjD_oj,.6wDQ3/[9mW|=9{,e+4y|6Wpc$A;E9YN?d 3N.3O9Lor1YozMr=h{Q1z:G"p:(p_/st9\uY{07^iCOO. class schedule. )g$. Prerequisite: CJC 100 View Course Syllabus . Distinguish the important differences between the adult and juvenile justice systems. <> student should make a copy of this before turning it in if so desired. Requests for accommodations not related to disabilities or pregnancy must be directed to the Registrars Office, which generally handles medical needs support. 4 0 obj List the differing biological theories associated with juvenile delinquency traits. University of Miami. l9U:4M3%ib_dQ4|+9}j?U7Y5/'A In total, Campus Reform surveyed 201 undergraduate course syllabi across these institutions. course syllabus - juvenile justice - University of Detroit Mercy EN English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk Unknown Courses & Syllabi . M. Yoshihama and D. Saunders) 4 SEMESTER OUTLINE class. than one page) and bibliographic references. Communities are predicated on shared values and goals. You will be responsible for all readings listed in the syllabus. The Code of Honor, an expression of the values from which our Doctrinal Statement was born, defines the fundamental principles by which our community exists. Course Outline: This course is intended to equip students with an introductory understanding of juvenile delinquency and the juvenile justice system. The Code of Honor can be viewed in its entirety at https://www.liberty.edu/students/honor-code/. Quizzes are worth 40 points each. <>>> Objectives include gaining an appreciation of the scope and nature of delinquency, familiarity with leading theories of delinquency and awareness of the police, courts and corrections .

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